What Is Knock Knee: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Knock knee, also known as genu valgum, is a condition where the knees angle inward and touch each other when the legs are straightened. While it can be a common part of development in children, it can persist into adulthood, sometimes requiring medical attention. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for knock knee is crucial for managing the condition effectively.

Causes of Knock Knee

Knock knee can arise from various factors, ranging from natural growth patterns in children to underlying medical conditions in adults. Here are the primary causes:

1. Developmental Patterns

In children, knock knee often appears as a normal part of growth and development. Typically, children exhibit a slight bow-legged appearance until about age two. Around ages three to four, their knees may naturally turn inward, presenting a knock-kneed appearance. By the time they reach age seven or eight, most children’s legs straighten out. This pattern is usually benign and resolves without intervention.

2. Genetic Factors

Genetics can play a role in the development of knock knee. If parents had the condition, their children might also develop it. The hereditary aspect can influence the severity and persistence of the condition.

3. Underlying Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can contribute to the development of knock knee. These include:

• Rickets: A condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to softening and weakening of the bones.
• Blount’s Disease: A growth disorder of the tibia that causes the leg to bow outward or inward.
• Osteoarthritis: This degenerative joint disease can lead to the inward angling of the knees, particularly in older adults.

4. Trauma or Injury

Injuries to the growth plate of the knee or leg can result in abnormal bone growth, potentially causing knock knee. Trauma-induced knock knee requires careful management and treatment.

Symptoms of Knock Knee

Identifying knock knee involves recognizing both visible signs and associated symptoms. While the condition primarily affects the alignment of the legs, it can also lead to discomfort and other issues.

1. Visible Leg Deformity

The most noticeable symptom is the inward angling of the knees, causing them to touch or come close together when the legs are straight. This misalignment is often more evident when walking or standing.

2. Gait Abnormalities

People with knock knee may exhibit an abnormal walking pattern, often described as a waddle or limp. This altered gait can be due to the body’s attempt to compensate for the misalignment and maintain balance.

3. Knee Pain

Chronic knee pain, especially around the inner side of the knee, can occur due to the uneven distribution of weight and strain on the joint. This pain may be exacerbated by physical activity or prolonged standing.

4. Hip and Ankle Pain

The misalignment of the knees can also affect the hips and ankles, causing pain and discomfort in these areas. The body’s natural alignment is disrupted, leading to additional stress on these joints.

Treatment Options for Knock Knee.

Treatment for knock knee depends on the severity of the condition, its underlying cause, and the age of the patient. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes.

1. Observation and Monitoring

In children, knock knee often resolves on its own as they grow. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is crucial to ensure that the condition is improving and not worsening. If the condition persists or worsens after the age of seven or eight, further intervention may be necessary.

2. Orthotic Devices

Orthotic devices, such as braces or specially designed shoes, can help manage knock knee by promoting proper alignment and reducing strain on the knees. These devices are often used in growing children to guide the bones into proper alignment.

3. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy plays a vital role in treating knock knee, particularly in adults. Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve flexibility, and enhance overall leg alignment can alleviate pain and improve function. A physical therapist can design a tailored exercise program based on the individual’s needs.

4. Medications

In cases where knock knee causes significant pain, medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and discomfort. These should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

5. Surgical Intervention

Surgery may be considered in severe cases of knock knee, particularly if conservative treatments are ineffective. Surgical options include:

• Guided Growth Surgery: This procedure involves the temporary insertion of a small plate or screws to correct the growth pattern of the knee bones in children.
• Osteotomy: This surgical procedure involves cutting and realigning the bones to correct the leg’s angle. It is typically recommended for adults or older children with severe knock knee.
• Knee Replacement: In cases where knock knee is caused by severe osteoarthritis, a total knee replacement may be necessary to alleviate pain and restore function.

Living with Knock Knee

Managing knock knee involves not only medical treatment but also lifestyle adjustments. Here are some tips for living with the condition:

1. Maintaining a Healthy Weight

Excess weight can exacerbate knee pain and strain, particularly in individuals with knock knee. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help reduce symptoms.

2. Low-Impact Exercise

Engaging in low-impact exercises, such as swimming, cycling, and walking, can help strengthen the muscles around the knee without putting excessive stress on the joint. These activities can improve overall mobility and reduce pain.

3. Proper Footwear

Wearing supportive and well-fitting shoes is essential for people with knock knee. Proper footwear can help maintain alignment, reduce discomfort, and prevent further complications.

4. Regular Check-ups

Regular medical check-ups are crucial for monitoring the progression of knock knee and adjusting treatment plans as needed. Early detection and intervention can prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Knock knee is a condition that can affect individuals at any stage of life. With proper diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle modifications, those with knock knee can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Book Your Consultation Today

Don’t wait to address your knee concerns. Schedule a consultation with the best orthopaedic doctors at Abrol Hospital to discuss your symptoms, explore treatment options, and take proactive steps towards better health.